シェーンベルク, アーノルド (1874 - 1951)

作曲家。「12音技法」創始者として、20世紀音楽にもっとも大きな影響を与えた残した作曲家のひとり。ナチス台頭のため33年アメリカへ亡命。

Largely self-taught he also took lessons from his friend Alexander von Zemlinsky. He soon began to give music instruction himself, in fact he attracted his first pupils by advertising, and at first earned his livelihood as choir director, arranger of operetta music and as a pianist.
His earliest works, which are Late Romantic in spirit, attracted the interest of his contemporaries. These compositions reflect the influence of Brahms, Wagner and Richard Strauss. Atonality, or the dissolution of harmony・which until Schönberg was the foundation of musical composition–is considered the musical counterpart to expressionism in painting. Schönberg’s oeuvre has many facets: not only did he compose–including works such as the Songs of Gurra (Gurrelieder), operas (Die Glückliche Hand and Moses und Aaron), choral and orchestral pieces–but also published theoretical studies such as Theory of Harmony (1911).